Transaction Recipes Skill

You are modeling complex multi-step accounting scenarios in Jaz — transactions that span multiple periods, involve changing amounts, or require several linked entries to complete a single business event.

This skill provides conceptual recipes with full accounting logic. For API field names and payloads, load the jaz-api skill alongside this one.

When to Use This Skill

• Setting up prepaid expenses, deferred revenue, or accrued liabilities
• Modeling loan repayment schedules with amortization tables
• Implementing IFRS 16 lease accounting (right-of-use assets + lease liabilities)
• Recording hire purchase agreements (ownership transfers, depreciate over useful life)
• Recording depreciation using methods Jaz doesn't natively support (declining balance, 150DB)
• Managing fixed deposit placements with interest accrual schedules (IFRS 9)
• Disposing of fixed assets — sale, scrap, or write-off with gain/loss calculation (IAS 16)
• FX revaluation of non-AR/AP monetary items at period-end (IAS 21)
• Calculating expected credit loss provisions on aged receivables (IFRS 9)
• Accruing employee leave and bonus obligations (IAS 19)
• Recognizing provisions at PV with discount unwinding (IAS 37)
• Declaring and paying dividends
• Recording and reconciling intercompany transactions across entities
• Capitalizing costs in WIP and transferring to fixed assets
• Any scenario that groups related transactions in a capsule over multiple periods

Building Blocks

Every recipe uses a combination of these Jaz features. See references/building-blocks.md for details.

Building Block	Role in Recipes
Capsules	Group all related entries into one workflow container
Schedulers	Automate fixed-amount recurring journals (prepaid, deferred, leave)
Manual Journals	Record variable-amount entries (loan interest, IFRS 16 unwinding, FX reval, ECL)
Fixed Assets	Native straight-line depreciation for ROU assets and completed capital projects
Invoices / Bills	Trade documents for intercompany, supplier bills for capital WIP
Tracking Tags	Tag all entries in a scenario for report filtering
Nano Classifiers	Classify line items by department, cost center, or project
Custom Fields	Record reference numbers (policy, loan, lease contract, intercompany ref)

Key Principle: Schedulers vs Manual Journals

Jaz schedulers generate fixed-amount recurring entries. This determines which recipe pattern to use:

• Fixed amounts each period → Use a scheduler inside a capsule (automated)
• Variable amounts each period → Use manual journals inside a capsule (calculated per period)
• One-off or two-entry events → Use manual journals (e.g., dividend declaration + payment)

Recipe	Pattern	Why
Prepaid Amortization	Scheduler + capsule	Same amount each month
Deferred Revenue	Scheduler + capsule	Same amount each month
Accrued Expenses	Two schedulers + capsule	Accrual + reversal cycle with end dates
Employee Leave Accrual	Scheduler + capsule	Fixed monthly accrual
Bank Loan	Manual journals + capsule	Interest changes as principal reduces
IFRS 16 Lease	Hybrid (native FA + manual journals) + capsule	ROU depreciation is fixed; liability unwinding changes
Declining Balance	Manual journals + capsule	Depreciation changes as book value reduces
FX Revaluation	Manual journals + capsule	Rates change each period
ECL Provision	Manual journals + capsule	Receivables and rates change each quarter
Fixed Deposit	Cash-out + manual journals + cash-in + capsule	Placement, monthly accruals, maturity
Hire Purchase	Manual journals + FA registration + capsule	Like IFRS 16 but depreciate over useful life
Asset Disposal	Manual journal + FA deregistration	One-off compound entry + FA update
Provisions (IAS 37)	Manual journals + cash-out + capsule	Unwinding amount changes each month
Bonus Accrual	Manual journals + capsule	Revenue/profit changes each quarter
Dividends	Manual journals + capsule	One-off: declaration + payment
Intercompany	Invoices/bills + capsule	Mirrored entries in two entities
Capital WIP	Bills/journals + FA registration + capsule	Accumulate then transfer

Recipe Index

Each recipe includes: scenario description, accounts involved, journal entries, capsule structure, worked example with real numbers, enrichment suggestions, verification steps, and common variations.

Tier 1 — Scheduler Recipes (Automated)

1. Prepaid Amortization — Annual insurance, rent, or subscription paid upfront with monthly expense recognition via scheduler.

2. Deferred Revenue — Upfront customer payment for a service delivered over time, with monthly revenue recognition via scheduler.

Tier 2 — Manual Journal Recipes (Calculated)

3. Accrued Expenses — Month-end expense accrual and start-of-month reversal using two schedulers with end dates, plus the actual supplier bill. Paired calculator: clio calc accrued-expense

4. Bank Loan — Loan disbursement, monthly installments splitting principal and interest, full amortization table with worked example.

5. IFRS 16 Lease — Right-of-use asset recognition, lease liability unwinding with changing interest, native FA for ROU straight-line depreciation.

6. Declining Balance Depreciation — DDB/150DB methods with switch-to-straight-line logic, for assets where Jaz's native SL isn't appropriate.

7. Fixed Deposit — Placement, monthly interest accrual (simple or compound), and maturity settlement. IFRS 9 amortized cost. Paired calculator: clio calc fixed-deposit

8. Hire Purchase — Like IFRS 16 lease but ownership transfers — ROU depreciation over useful life (not lease term). Paired calculator: clio calc lease --useful-life <months>

9. Asset Disposal — Sale at gain, sale at loss, or scrap/write-off. Computes accumulated depreciation to disposal date and gain/loss. Paired calculator: clio calc asset-disposal

Tier 3 — Month-End Close Recipes

10. FX Revaluation — Non-AR/AP Items — IAS 21 revaluation of non-AR/AP foreign currency monetary items (intercompany loans, term deposits, FX provisions) with Day 1 reversal. Paired calculator: clio calc fx-reval

11. Bad Debt Provision / ECL — IFRS 9 simplified approach provision matrix using aged receivables and historical loss rates. Paired calculator: clio calc ecl

12. Employee Benefit Accruals — IAS 19 leave accrual (scheduler, fixed monthly) and bonus accrual (manual journals, variable quarterly) with year-end true-up. Paired calculator: clio calc leave-accrual

Tier 4 — Corporate Events & Structures

13. Provisions with PV Unwinding — IAS 37 provision recognized at PV, with monthly discount unwinding schedule. For warranties, legal claims, decommissioning, restructuring. Paired calculator: clio calc provision

14. Dividend Declaration & Payment — Board-declared dividend: two journals (declaration reducing retained earnings, then payment). Optional withholding tax adds a third step. Paired calculator: clio calc dividend

15. Intercompany Transactions — Mirrored invoices/bills or journals across two Jaz entities with matching intercompany reference, quarterly settlement.

16. Capital WIP to Fixed Asset — Cost accumulation in CIP account during construction/development, transfer to FA on completion, auto-depreciation via Jaz FA module.

How to Use These Recipes

1. Read the recipe for your scenario — understand the accounts, journal entries, and capsule structure.
2. Create the accounts listed in the "Accounts Involved" table (if they don't already exist in the CoA).
3. Create the capsule with an appropriate capsule type.
4. Run the calculator (if available) to generate exact amounts: clio calc <command> --json gives you a complete blueprint.
5. Record the initial transaction (bill, invoice, or journal) — assign it to the capsule.
6. For scheduler recipes: Create the scheduler with the same capsule — it generates all subsequent entries automatically.
7. For manual journal recipes: Record each period's journal using the calculator output or worked example, always assigning to the same capsule.
8. Verify using the steps in each recipe (ledger grouping by capsule, trial balance checks).

Financial Calculators (CLI)

The jaz-clio CLI includes 13 IFRS-compliant financial calculators. Each produces a formatted schedule + per-period journal entries + human-readable workings. Use --json for structured output with a complete blueprint — capsule type/name, tags, custom fields, workings (capsuleDescription), and every step with action type, date, accounts, and amounts.

All calculators support --currency <code> and --json.

# ── Tier 2 Calculators ──────────────────────────────────────────

# Loan amortization (PMT, interest/principal split)
clio calc loan --principal 100000 --rate 6 --term 60 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# IFRS 16 lease (PV, liability unwinding, ROU depreciation)
clio calc lease --payment 5000 --term 36 --rate 5 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Hire purchase (lease + ownership transfer — depreciate over useful life)
clio calc lease --payment 5000 --term 36 --rate 5 --useful-life 60 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Depreciation (DDB, 150DB, or straight-line)
clio calc depreciation --cost 50000 --salvage 5000 --life 5 [--method ddb|150db|sl] [--frequency annual|monthly] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Prepaid expense recognition
clio calc prepaid-expense --amount 12000 --periods 12 [--frequency monthly|quarterly] [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Deferred revenue recognition
clio calc deferred-revenue --amount 36000 --periods 12 [--frequency monthly|quarterly] [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Fixed deposit — simple or compound interest accrual (IFRS 9)
clio calc fixed-deposit --principal 100000 --rate 3.5 --term 12 [--compound monthly|quarterly|annually] [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Asset disposal — gain/loss on sale or scrap (IAS 16)
clio calc asset-disposal --cost 50000 --salvage 5000 --life 5 --acquired 2022-01-01 --disposed 2025-06-15 --proceeds 20000 [--method sl|ddb|150db] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── Tier 3 Calculators ──────────────────────────────────────────

# FX revaluation — unrealized gain/loss on non-AR/AP items (IAS 21)
clio calc fx-reval --amount 50000 --book-rate 1.35 --closing-rate 1.38 [--currency USD] [--base-currency SGD] [--json]

# Expected credit loss provision matrix (IFRS 9)
clio calc ecl --current 100000 --30d 50000 --60d 20000 --90d 10000 --120d 5000 --rates 0.5,2,5,10,50 [--existing-provision 3000] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── Tier 4 Calculator ───────────────────────────────────────────

# IAS 37 provision PV + discount unwinding schedule
clio calc provision --amount 500000 --rate 4 --term 60 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── New Calculators ────────────────────────────────────────────

# Accrued expense — dual-entry (accrue at period-end, reverse next month)
clio calc accrued-expense --amount 5000 --periods 12 [--frequency monthly|quarterly] [--start-date 2025-01-31] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Employee leave accrual (IAS 19) — monthly accrual of annual leave entitlements
clio calc leave-accrual --employees 10 --days 14 --daily-rate 250 [--periods 12] [--start-date 2025-01-31] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Dividend declaration + payment — optional withholding tax
clio calc dividend --amount 200000 --declaration-date 2026-02-15 --payment-date 2026-03-15 [--withholding-rate 15] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── Reconciliation Calculator ─────────────────────────────────

# Bank reconciliation matcher — 5-phase cascade (1:1, N:1, 1:N, N:M)
clio jobs bank-recon match --input bank-data.json [--tolerance 0.01] [--date-window 14] [--max-group 5] [--json]

Blueprint Output (--json)

Every calculator's --json output includes a blueprint object — a complete execution plan for creating the capsule and posting all transactions in Jaz:

{
  "type": "loan",
  "currency": "SGD",
  "blueprint": {
    "capsuleType": "Loan Repayment",
    "capsuleName": "Bank Loan — SGD 100,000 — 6% — 60 months",
    "capsuleDescription": "Loan Amortization Workings\nPrincipal: SGD 100,000.00 | Rate: 6% p.a. ...",
    "tags": ["Bank Loan"],
    "customFields": { "Loan Reference": null },
    "steps": [
      {
        "step": 1,
        "action": "cash-in",
        "description": "Record loan proceeds received from bank",
        "date": "2025-01-01",
        "lines": [
          { "account": "Cash / Bank Account", "debit": 100000, "credit": 0 },
          { "account": "Loan Payable", "debit": 0, "credit": 100000 }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Blueprint action types — each step tells you HOW to execute it in Jaz:

Action	When used	Jaz module
bill	Supplier document (prepaid expense)	Bills
invoice	Customer document (deferred revenue)	Invoices
cash-in	Cash arrives in bank (loan disbursement, FD maturity)	Bank / Manual Journal
cash-out	Cash leaves bank (FD placement, provision settlement)	Bank / Manual Journal
journal	No cash movement (accrual, depreciation, unwinding, reval)	Manual Journals
fixed-asset	Register/update FA module (ROU asset, capital project)	Fixed Assets
note	Instruction only (deregister FA on disposal)	N/A

Math guarantees:

• financial npm package (TypeScript port of numpy-financial) for PV, PMT — no hand-rolled TVM
• 2dp per period, final period closes balance to exactly $0.00
• Input validation with clear error messages (negative values, invalid dates, salvage > cost)
• DDB→SL switch when straight-line >= declining balance or when DDB would breach salvage floor
• All journal entries balanced (debits = credits in every step)

Agent Tools (Daemon)

When running as a daemon agent (clio serve), recipes are available via two dedicated tools:

• plan_recipe (read-only): Run a calculator and see what accounts, contacts, and bank accounts are needed — no API calls. Use this first to verify requirements.
• execute_recipe (write): Full end-to-end recipe execution — run calculator, auto-resolve accounts from chart of accounts, create capsule, post all entries. 1 tool call replaces ~20 manual tool calls.

Both tools accept all 13 recipe types: loan, lease, depreciation, prepaid-expense, deferred-revenue, fx-reval, ecl, provision, fixed-deposit, asset-disposal, accrued-expense, leave-accrual, dividend.

Scheduler creation tools are also available: create_scheduled_journal, create_scheduled_invoice, create_scheduled_bill.

Cross-References

• API field names and payloads: Load the jaz-api skill — see references/endpoints.md and references/field-map.md
• Capsule API: POST /capsules, POST /capsuleTypes — see api skill's references/full-api-surface.md
• Scheduler API: POST /scheduled/journals, POST /scheduled/invoices, POST /scheduled/bills
• Fixed Assets API: POST /fixed-assets — see api skill's references/feature-glossary.md
• Enrichments overview: See references/building-blocks.md or api skill's references/feature-glossary.md