Slack mrkdwn

Slack's custom text formatting syntax for messages and text objects. Not standard Markdown.

CRITICAL: Two Markup Systems

Slack has two completely different markup syntaxes. Using the wrong one is the most common formatting mistake.

System	Used In	Bold	Link	Heading
Slack mrkdwn	text field, text objects (type: "mrkdwn"), section fields	*bold*	<url|text>	Not supported
Standard Markdown	markdown block only	**bold**	[text](url)	# Heading

Standard Markdown syntax (**bold**, [text](url), # Heading) renders as literal text in mrkdwn contexts. Slack mrkdwn syntax (*bold*, <url|text>) renders as literal text in markdown blocks. Never mix them.

The markdown block (type: "markdown") accepts standard Markdown and translates it for Slack rendering. Supports: headings, bold, italic, strikethrough, lists, links, blockquotes, code blocks, images (rendered as link text). Does not support: syntax-highlighted code blocks, horizontal rules, tables, task lists. A single input block may produce multiple output blocks. Cumulative limit across all markdown blocks in one payload: 12,000 characters.

mrkdwn Syntax

Format	Syntax	Notes
Bold	*bold*	Not **bold**
Italic	_italic_	Not *italic*
Strikethrough	~strikethrough~	Not ~~strikethrough~~
Inline code	`code`	Same as standard Markdown
Code block	```code```	No syntax highlighting
Blockquote	> quoted text	Prefix each line
Link	<https://example.com|display text>	Not [text](url)
Emoji	:emoji_name:	Standard or custom. Direct Unicode also works
Newline	\n	Literal newline in string
Ordered list	1. item	Plain text, no special rendering
Bullet list	- item	Rendered properly in rich_text blocks only

Inline code disables all other formatting within it — use it to display literal text like *not bold*.

Nested Formatting

Combining adjacent format markers without spaces (e.g., *bold*_italic_) is unreliable and may not render correctly. Always add a space between differently-formatted segments:

*bold* _italic_              ← works reliably
*bold*_italic_               ← may fail to render

For reliable combined formatting on a single word, use rich_text blocks with explicit style objects ({"bold": true, "italic": true}).

Links

<https://example.com>                            Auto-detected URL
<https://example.com|Display Text>               URL with custom text
<mailto:user@example.com|Email Link>             Email link

URLs posted in text are auto-linked by Slack. Use <url|text> for custom display text. Spaces in URLs will break parsing — remove them. mrkdwn formatting inside link labels (e.g., <url|*bold*>) works for basic styles.

Link Unfurling

Slack previews ("unfurls") linked content. Control this per message:

Parameter	Controls	Default (API)
unfurl_links	Text-based content previews	false
unfurl_media	Media (images, video, audio) previews	true

Set both to false to suppress all previews. These are chat.postMessage parameters, not mrkdwn syntax.

Mentions and References

User Mentions

<@U0123ABC456>

Triggers a notification for the mentioned user. Auto-converts to display name.

Channel References

<#C0123ABC456>

Auto-converts to channel name. Users without access see "private channel".

User Group Mentions

<!subteam^SAZ94GDB8>

Notifies all members of the user group.

Special Mentions

Syntax	Scope	Caution
<!here>	Active members in channel	Use sparingly
<!channel>	All channel members	Triggers push notifications for everyone
<!everyone>	All non-guest workspace members	Very disruptive

Best Practice

Always use IDs, not names. IDs are stable; names change:

  <@U0123ABC456>       (user ID)
  @chris                (name — may not resolve)

  <#C0123ABC456>       (channel ID)
  #general              (name — may not resolve)

To enable name-based parsing, set link_names: 1 in the API call. This is fragile and discouraged.

Date Formatting

Displays dates/times localized to the reader's device timezone (not their Slack preference timezone).

Syntax

<!date^{unix_timestamp}^{token_string}^{optional_link}|{fallback_text}>

Tokens

Token	Example Output
{date_num}	2014-02-18
{date}	February 18th, 2014 (omits year if within ~6 months)
{date_short}	Feb 18, 2014
{date_long}	Tuesday, February 18th, 2014
{date_pretty}	Yesterday / February 18th, 2014
{date_short_pretty}	Yesterday / Feb 18, 2014
{date_long_pretty}	Yesterday / Tuesday, February 18th, 2014
{time}	6:39 AM (12h) or 06:39 (24h)
{time_secs}	6:39:42 AM
{ago}	3 minutes ago / 4 hours ago

_pretty variants use relative terms ("yesterday", "today", "tomorrow") when applicable.

Examples

<!date^1392734382^{date} at {time}|February 18th, 2014 at 6:39 AM PST>
<!date^1392734382^{date_short_pretty} {time}|Feb 18, 2014 6:39 AM>
<!date^1392734382^{ago}|February 18th, 2014>

Tokens can be mixed with literal text in the token string. The optional link (third ^-separated parameter) makes the date a clickable hyperlink. Fallback text (after |) displays for clients that cannot render date formatting.

Escaping

Only three characters require escaping in mrkdwn:

Character	Escape Sequence
&	&
<	&lt;
>	&gt;

Do NOT encode other characters as HTML entities. Only these three are control characters in Slack's markup system.

When displaying user-generated content that may contain these characters, always escape them to prevent unintended formatting or link injection.

Text Object

The text object is the most common composition object in Block Kit. It determines how text is rendered.

{ "type": "mrkdwn", "text": "*bold* and _italic_", "verbatim": false }
{ "type": "plain_text", "text": "No formatting", "emoji": true }

mrkdwn supports Slack mrkdwn syntax. plain_text renders literally. emoji: true converts :emoji: to rendered emoji (plain_text only). Min 1 char, max 3000 chars (section fields max 2000 chars each, max 10 fields).

Where Each Type Is Allowed

Context	Allowed Types
Header block text	plain_text only
Section text / fields	mrkdwn or plain_text
Context elements	mrkdwn or plain_text
Button text	plain_text only
Placeholder	plain_text only
Input label / hint	plain_text only
Modal title / submit / close	plain_text only
Option text	plain_text only
Option description	mrkdwn or plain_text

Verbatim Behavior

When verbatim: false (default):

• URLs auto-convert to clickable links
• Channel names auto-convert to channel links
• Mentions auto-parse

When verbatim: true:

• Markdown formatting still processes
• No auto-linking or mention parsing
• Useful for displaying raw URLs or text containing @ or # that aren't mentions

{ "type": "mrkdwn", "text": "Check the log at http://example.com/debug", "verbatim": true }

Auto-Parsing Behavior

The parse Parameter (chat.postMessage)

Value	Effect
"none" (default)	mrkdwn formatting enabled; minimal auto-parsing of names/URLs
"full"	Disables mrkdwn formatting; auto-parses URLs, channel names, user mentions

Disabling Auto-Parsing

In text objects: Set verbatim: true (see above).

In message payloads:

• Omit link_names argument (or set to 0)
• Set parse: "none" to disable all auto-parsing

Disabling Formatting Entirely

Context	Method
Text objects	Set type to "plain_text"
Top-level message text	Set mrkdwn: false
Attachments	Exclude field from mrkdwn_in array

Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Problem	Fix
**bold** in mrkdwn	Renders literally	Use *bold*
[text](url) in mrkdwn	Renders literally	Use <url|text>
# Heading in mrkdwn	Renders as plain text	Use header block or markdown block
*bold* in markdown block	Renders as italic	Use **bold**
link_names: 1 for mentions	Fragile — names change, IDs don't	Use <@USERID> directly
HTML-encoding beyond &<>	Renders literally	Only escape &, <, >
Spaces in URLs	Breaks link parsing	URL-encode spaces as %20
Combining *bold*_italic_ without space	Rendering unreliable	Add space: *bold* _italic_

Secondary Attachments (Legacy)

The attachments array adds secondary content below the main message. One of fallback or text is required (unless using blocks).

Field	Description
fallback	Plain-text summary for limited clients (always plain text)
color	Hex color or "good" / "warning" / "danger"
pretext	Text above the attachment block
author_name, author_link, author_icon	Small author line (16px icon)
title, title_link	Large heading with optional hyperlink
text	Main body (auto-collapses at 700+ chars)
fields	Array of { title, value, short } objects
image_url	Full-width image (GIF, JPEG, PNG, BMP)
thumb_url	Thumbnail (75px max)
footer, footer_icon, ts	Footer metadata (footer max 300 chars)
mrkdwn_in	Array of fields to format with mrkdwn: "text", "pretext", "fields"

Only "text", "pretext", and "fields" are accepted values in mrkdwn_in. Fields not listed render as plain text. fallback is always plain text.

Prefer Block Kit blocks over attachments for new development.

Reference Documentation

File	Purpose
references/CHEATSHEET.md	Quick reference: mrkdwn syntax, mentions, dates, escaping at a glance

Sources

• Formatting Message Text — Slack
• Block Kit Composition Objects — Text Object — Slack
• Markdown Block — Slack
• Legacy Secondary Message Attachments — Slack
• Messaging Overview — Slack