Convex Components

Components are sandboxed packages with their own database tables, functions, and isolated execution.

Universal Installation Pattern

All components follow the same installation pattern:

npm install @convex-dev/<component-name>

// convex/convex.config.ts
import { defineApp } from 'convex/server';
import componentName from '@convex-dev/<component-name>/convex.config';

const app = defineApp();
app.use(componentName);

// Multiple instances with different names
app.use(componentName, { name: 'instance2' });

export default app;

Run npx convex dev to generate code.

Accessing Components

import { components } from './_generated/api';

// Default instance
const instance = new ComponentClass(components.componentName, {
  /* config */
});

// Named instance
const instance2 = new ComponentClass(components.instance2, {
  /* config */
});

Transaction Semantics

Component mutations participate in the parent transaction:

export const doWork = mutation({
  handler: async (ctx) => {
    await ctx.db.insert('myTable', { data: 'value' });
    await component.doSomething(ctx); // Same transaction

    // If mutation throws, BOTH writes roll back
  }
});

Component exceptions can be caught:

try {
  await rateLimiter.limit(ctx, 'myLimit', { throws: true });
} catch (e) {
  // Only component's writes roll back
  // Parent mutation can continue
}

Available Components

Durable Functions

• Workflow - Long-running, durable code flows with retries
• Workpool - Queue actions with parallelism limits
• Action Retrier - Retry failed actions with backoff

Backend Utilities

• Rate Limiter - Application-layer rate limiting
• Aggregate - Efficient COUNT, SUM, MAX operations
• Sharded Counter - High-throughput counting
• Presence - Real-time user presence tracking
• Action Cache - Cache expensive action results
• Migrations - Stateful online data migrations

Payments

• Stripe - Payments, subscriptions, and billing

Integrations

• ProseMirror Sync - Collaborative text editing (Tiptap/BlockNote)
• Resend - Transactional email with queuing and webhooks

AI Components

• Agent - AI agents with persistent threads (separate skill)

Quick Reference

Component	Package	Primary Use
Rate Limiter	@convex-dev/rate-limiter	Control action frequency
Aggregate	@convex-dev/aggregate	Fast count/sum queries
Sharded Counter	@convex-dev/sharded-counter	High-throughput counting
Presence	@convex-dev/presence	Real-time user tracking
Action Cache	@convex-dev/action-cache	Cache expensive results
Migrations	@convex-dev/migrations	Online data migrations
Workpool	@convex-dev/workpool	Queue work with limits
Workflow	@convex-dev/workflow	Durable multi-step flows
Action Retrier	@convex-dev/action-retrier	Retry failed actions
ProseMirror Sync	@convex-dev/prosemirror-sync	Collaborative text editing
Resend	@convex-dev/resend	Transactional email
Stripe	@convex-dev/stripe	Payments & subscriptions
Agent	@convex-dev/agent	AI chat with history

Common Patterns

Component + Triggers

Auto-sync components with table changes using convex-helpers triggers:

import { Triggers } from 'convex-helpers/server/triggers';
import {
  customCtx,
  customMutation
} from 'convex-helpers/server/customFunctions';

const triggers = new Triggers<DataModel>();

// Register component trigger
triggers.register('myTable', aggregate.trigger());

// Wrap mutation to use triggers
const mutation = customMutation(mutationRaw, customCtx(triggers.wrapDB));

Testing Components

import componentTest from '@convex-dev/<component>/test';
import { convexTest } from 'convex-test';

function initTest() {
  const t = convexTest();
  componentTest.register(t);
  return t;
}

test('component test', async () => {
  const t = initTest();
  await t.run(async (ctx) => {
    // Test with component
  });
});

Dashboard Access

View component data in dashboard via component dropdown. Each component has isolated tables.

Best Practices

1. Name instances descriptively - emailWorkpool, scrapeWorkpool vs generic workpool1
2. Configure once - Set options when creating instance, not per-call
3. Use triggers for sync - Keep aggregates in sync automatically
4. Handle component errors - Catch and handle gracefully when appropriate
5. Check limits - Respect parallelism limits on free tier (20 concurrent functions)